With this handy illustration, you will be able to more-easily explain hearsay to non-lawyers. You are welcome!
Sam Glover has been writing about law practice technology, management, marketing, and other stuff on Lawyerist since 2007. He consults on appeals and motion practice in his solo practice. When he isn't blogging or lawyering, Sam drinks espresso and plays with fountain pens.
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Let me make an (educated) guess: Nos. 2-4 are non-hearsay (actual perception of “reality” translate–through belief–into testimony in court (“statement”)). Item 1 is hearsay: the out-of-court statement of someone not available to be cross-examined, proferred as evidence of “reality”?
Oh, wait–was I *not* supposed to take this seriously? :)